Introduction to Counselling Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Introduction to Counselling - Essay Example There are many counselling methods based on different counselling theories. The success of any type of counselling depends on the person and his requirements. Obviously, the environment and surroundings also have an effect on counselling. In most of the cases, mental therapy is required as things come from the brain, which is responsible for mental engagement. The reflex actions are taken by mental activities. So, counselling is not mainly for any ailment but it is a requirement of today’s life. One should not be hesitant in consulting any counsellor as it is important to make things better. Counsellor studies the case and after that, he decides which type of counselling a person needs. This is also dependent on the conditions provided by the person. The theories, which are being discussed below are Adlerian theory and Behavioural theory (Peele 1998). This theory is developed by Alfred Adler. Adler said that we act well when we feel that we are encouraged but we withdraw or give up when we are discouraged, we feel low in this case. The main thing in Adlerian theory is encouragement. It is the most important and key element for human success. It is a simple observation that encouragement and appreciation have pleasant affects on us and we try our best to do all the assigned jobs better. Adler uses this conception that our brain does not work using actual facts but it assumes the facts that it wants from the others, which are nice words and appreciation. He uses the subjective facts as he focuses on the perceptions of each person. As the word subjective refers to the point of view of an individual, so, Adler’s theory was based on this form (Corey 2009). The fact is that every problem or headache you posses is related to you. No other person will bear it for you so Adler uses this simple fact as basis of his theory. It is tot ally subjective. The

Aristotle's on Democracy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Aristotle's on Democracy - Essay Example 2001). He regarded democracy to be the deteriorated counterpart to polity. In the Politics, he describes aristocracy as rule by the best. In application, this normally meant rule by the well-born, those of noble family who called themselves "the best people". Aristotle employs "polity" both in that manner, as the general term for a constitution of any kind, and as the name of one of this kind. The concept of polity (politeia, constitution) is that all citizens should have short turns at ruling. Because it is an inclusive type of government, everyone has a share of political power. On the other hand, oligarchy or the general term for rule by a few is the corrupt kind which aims to advance the interest of the wealthy few. Finally, democracy, which means literally rule by the people, was used by Aristotle to mean rule exclusively by the poor in their own interest. It is important to note that Aristotle distinguishes between democracy and politeia based on the fact that democracy seeks the interests of only the ruling faction, while politeia seeks the interests of all. According to Aristotle in Book VI of his Politics, the critical principle of democracy is freedom, one feature of which is having a share in ruling. He declares that justice is equality based on number rather than merit, and as a result the multitude has authority, meaning that the poor have more authority than the wealthy. A second feature of freedom is to be able to live as one wants. Thus, democratic people do not want to be ruled at all, although if it is necessary to have rulers then the next best choice is to rule and be ruled in turn (trans. 2001). To Aristotle and the Greeks during his time, democracy was defined as a government of, by and for the people. Originally, democracy was understood to mean rule by the common people. In this view, it was very much a class matter, even before the beginning of modern class society. It meant that power should be held by the biggest class,